Apple has initiated a legal battle against OpenAI and two of its former employees, accusing the ChatGPT developer of misappropriating stolen trade secrets to advance its consumer hardware ambitions. The complaint, formally filed on Friday in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, identifies former Apple senior system electrical engineer Chang Liu and former iPhone and Apple Watch design executive Tang Yew Tan, alongside OpenAI Foundation, OpenAI Group PBC, and io Products as defendants.
Allegations of System Breach and Data Theft
The lawsuit details how Chang Liu, who exited Apple in January after an eight-year tenure, failed to return his company-issued hardware. Apple asserts that Liu exploited a rare, previously undiscovered authentication bug to infiltrate the company's internal networks. According to Apple's legal team, Liu accessed shared network folders while employed at OpenAI. The filing states that upon realizing he possessed unauthorized access, Liu neither reported the breach nor returned the stolen laptop or deleted the software enabling the connection. Apple alleges he downloaded a vast array of confidential files, including proprietary project data, engineering presentations, technical specifications, and sensitive information regarding unreleased products.
Scrutiny of OpenAI's Recruitment Tactics
The company also levels accusations against Tang Yew Tan, who transitioned to the role of chief hardware officer at OpenAI after a 24-year career at Apple. Apple alleges that Tan leveraged confidential knowledge from his tenure to benefit his new employer, specifically by citing internal project names during interviews and inquiring about unreleased hardware. Furthermore, the complaint suggests that OpenAI's recruitment process explicitly requested that candidates provide 'CAD/design artifacts,' internal prototypes, supplier data, and details regarding specific contributions to Apple hardware. Apple claims it reached out to OpenAI in February to voice these concerns, but the request for an explanation went ignored. The filing notes that OpenAI’s hardware division currently employs over 400 individuals who previously worked at Apple.
Shifting Tensions in Silicon Valley
This litigation follows OpenAI's $6.4 billion acquisition of io Products, a hardware startup established by former Apple designer Jony Ive; Ive is not a named party in the suit. The legal action marks a sharp departure from the previous collaborative relationship between the two tech giants. In 2024, Apple had integrated ChatGPT into Siri as part of its Apple Intelligence rollout. However, following delays, Apple pivoted to Google’s Gemini to support its subsequent AI models. This dispute adds to a growing trend of trade secret litigation in the AI sector, mirroring a previous conflict between OpenAI and Elon Musk’s xAI. In that instance, a federal judge dismissed the claims, ruling that xAI failed to provide evidence that OpenAI actively encouraged employees to misappropriate proprietary data.
