During the ongoing paddy cultivation season, crops face a heightened risk of infestation by various pests and diseases, among which Khaira disease poses a significant concern for farmers. According to Dr. Harpal Singh, an agricultural scientist at the Deendayal Shodh Sansthan Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Gopal Gram, Gonda, this condition stems primarily from a deficiency of zinc in paddy plants. If symptoms are not identified early and appropriate remedial action is delayed, plant growth can be severely stunted, leading to a substantial drop in overall yield.
Initial Symptoms and Visual Indicators on Paddy Leaves
Plants affected by Khaira disease appear visibly smaller, weaker, and less robust compared to healthy neighboring plants in the field. The onset of the disease manifests first on the foliage. Light yellow or brown catechu-colored spots begin to form on the lower leaves of the crop, gradually deepening in color as the condition advances.
The overall growth rate of infected plants drops noticeably below normal levels, creating uneven, stunted patches across the field. In more advanced stages of infection, the discoloration extends beyond the leaves, causing the roots of the plants to turn brown as well, which impairs their ability to absorb nutrients.
Zinc Deficiency and the Role of Excessive Fertilizer Application
Agricultural scientist Dr. Harpal Singh highlights that zinc deficiency is the primary cause of Khaira disease. He warns farmers against the indiscriminate and excessive application of synthetic fertilizers. In particular, overusing urea in an attempt to force rapid growth can aggravate nutrient imbalances in the soil and crop.
To effectively address the shortage of zinc, targeted spraying of zinc sulfate is recommended. Adopting balanced nutrient management helps restore plant health without overloading the soil with unnecessary chemical inputs.
Recommended Treatment Formula: Zinc Sulfate and Urea Mixture
To manage Khaira disease effectively, the agricultural expert advises applying a precisely measured foliar spray. For one acre of paddy crop, farmers should combine 1.5 kg of 33 percent zinc sulfate with 2 kg of urea dissolved thoroughly in approximately 150 liters of water.
This mixture should be sprayed evenly across the entire crop. The combination of urea and zinc sulfate allows rapid absorption of zinc through the leaves, helping plants recover from nutrient stress and resume normal physiological growth.
Field Inspection and Follow-Up Application After 8 to 10 Days
If symptoms of Khaira disease are not fully controlled after the first spray, farmers can perform a second application after an interval of 8 to 10 days, following the advice of an agricultural specialist. This follow-up treatment ensures that zinc levels are adequately replenished, accelerating crop recovery.
Regular field monitoring remains crucial throughout the growing season. Farmers should never ignore early warning signs such as yellowing leaves or brownish spots. Prompt detection and correct chemical dosing minimize potential yield losses, and all fertilizer mixtures should strictly follow recommendations from certified agricultural experts.
